Latest Coral Disease

Coral malady is an infection found in coral that brought about by a green growth that developed in the reef tank. There are many recognized coral maladies and its causes. One of which is white plague type II. White Plague Type II malady in corals is activated by the immediate contact of coral with macroalgae halimeda puntia. Nugues, asserts that this malady causes the broad demise of corals that happen with substantial development of macroalgae. Refered to in Nugues. Et al; www.practicalfishing.co.uk. Macroalgae is supposed to be the answerable for some coral maladies that if not controlled, it will likewise prompt coral passing. Other distinguished reason for coral infection is coral fading or white condition. With this sickness, coral looked blanched which brought about by the high ocean temperature that drove coral to discharge the harmonious green growth that produce nourishment for the coral. Coral blanching makes the coral more fragile and progressively inclined from assault of maladies. Outrageous warmth, because of an Earth-wide temperature boost caused this coral blanching in light of the fact that warmth can trigger the infection in zooxanthellae, which is known for food creation of corals. As the ocean temperature turns out to be more radiators, increasingly extreme coral sicknesses are additionally expected to emerge. This disorder can treat and forestalled if the ocean temperature gets colder. Beside warm temperature, congestion of corals likewise brings white disorder. Scientists discovered that the disorder builds its rate from 1998, expanded 20-overlay in 2002, because of warm temperature as well as due to congestion of corals. Scientists discovered that corals can not breath and develop appropriately on the off chance that they are intently close with one another, and they are progressively inclined to maladies. Broad of sickness effectively happen in the even t that they are excessively close with one another. There are likewise other five recognized coral illnesses and their causes beside the infections notice prior. One is earthy colored band. Thick populace of single-celled living being called ciliates causes earthy colored band. These ciliates are shaggy life forms that eat the food of coral known as zooxanthellae, it shows up as earthy colored jam that cause infection to corals. Second is dark necrosing condition. Coral gives off an impression of being dead with this sort of infection. Dark patches consume the tissues of corals that leave in white skeleton. It is really discovered in numerous gorgonian corals in Northern Great Barrier Reef. Third realized sickness is the pink spot. Pink spot is brought about by the larval phase of the parasitic flatworm; which has three life arranges that is parasitic on a mollusk, and influences the tissues of corals, which makes delicate to predation by butterfly fish. Be that as it may, sound polyps recover from coral once the butterfly fish eats influenced polyp. Fourth is Coral Tumor. These Tumors are shaped by gatherings of polyps with expanded development rates. Corals influenced with this ailment seem to have circular irregularities raised about 4.5 cm from the outside of the coral. This tumor influences the decrease of capacity and development of corals. There is a mostly secret spread of quantities of this tumor and it is just checked in Heron Island. The fifth known infection of corals is dark band ailment. This malady is related with cyanobacteria. Coral with dark band malady glances solid in front however dead and look white behind. This band can move across coral state at pace of 44mm every day. Researcher first coral illness watched this malady last 1973. The 6th and last recognized coral infection is the Skeletal Eroding Band. It is like dark band ailment. In any case, this illness creates a white skeleton spotted with void dark shells of the ciliate, which causes ailments that upset the way toward emitting defensive shells or loricae. Work Cited: Coral Diseases. www.altavista.com/coraldiseases Most recent Coral maladies. www.google.com . .

The Colour Purple depicts many scenes of violence but it is a tender novel Essay Example For Students

The Color Purple delineates numerous scenes of viciousness however it is a delicate novel Essay All through the main portion of the novel there are numerous scenes of brutality, with Celie being assaulted and beaten by her dad and later by Mr. what's more, his youngsters. There is likewise the memory that her two youngsters who are imagined through interbreeding as well as slaughtered by the man that Celie accepts is her dad. Despite the fact that there is this viciousness going on there is a lot of adoration, companionship and delicacy. This can be seen with the cooperation of Celie and Nettie. Celie promising to care for her sister with god help from according to the man they accept is their dad. Nettie additionally attempts to make Celie brilliant by training her what she ought to realize at school anyway she has been removed from school to take care of the house and the youngsters as her dad accepts shes excessively moronic. Celie wedded Mr. In any case, the game plan for this wedding is more similar to a dairy cattle showcase than a proposition to be engaged with a free cow being what secures the arrangement for Mr. These early long stretches of Celies life, from the beginning of the novel where she is fourteen, to where Shug Avery comes to remain in Mrs. House are absolutely not delicate there is significantly more scorn and brutality here. Celie is a very individual who doesnt let anything get to her she appears to trudge during these time spent as a house cleaner and childminder to Mr. Without barely ever whining. The finish of the novel is nearly fantasy like with everything going right for Celie. She is encompass by cherished one and companions. Her sister has shown up again from Africa with her better half and Celies two youngsters after around twenty years without seeing Celie. After her dad kicked the bucket she and Nettie acquired the house with all the land that envelop it. Celie has transformed piece of into a shop where she sells the jeans that her business people pants boundless makes. She has the affection for Shug Avery whose help and direction throughout the years has helped her end up making her into a certain lady ready to fight for herself. The inconvenience at the idea of inbreeding has been expelled as Celie and the peruser discover that the dad of Celies two kids wasnt her genuine father he was a stepfather, a man her mom wedded after her genuine dad was hung. This doesn't evacuate the memory of the steady assault that happened in the end leaving Celie infertile however it takes away the corrupt. Dad has kicked the bucket expelling him and the ghastly youth that he represents behind permitting Celie to proceed onward with her life. She is not, at this point the ownership of Mr. what's more, in certainty she has become companions with him excusing his past treatment of her and sewing, smoking and conversing with him on the yard of her own home. I accept that Celie would not have the option to overlook and pardon everything that has occurred over her hard life. Truth be told one similarity for the book could be that of a wound, there is greatly harmed and brutality toward the beginning of the novel yet towards the end this savagery reduces and in the spot of the viciousness there is a wound. This wound isn't as difficult as the beatings yet it is delicate from the memory of all the savagery. Anyway the wound thus the novel is just delicate in view of all the viciousness and enduring that happened in the early piece of the novel There are parts toward the finish of the novel that demonstrate Celie to be cheerful. We can see this in her letter headings when as opposed to tending to them to God or to Nettie as she does all through the remainder of the novel she address them Dear God Dear stars, Dear Trees, Dear sky, Dear people groups, Dear everything, Dear God yet a significant part of the time despite the fact that she is encircled by lost of individuals who care for her she is by all accounts troubled and confined. .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c , .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .postImageUrl , .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c , .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c:hover , .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c:visited , .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c:active { border:0!important; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c:active , .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c:hover { darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udfb4b 10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udfb4b10f3fe7d98aa4e107578031f10c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: When The Emperor Was Divine EssayI feel that there is a great deal an excessive amount of brutality in the novel for it to at present be classed as a delicate novel. There are vicious parts and delicate parts yet the savagery out of sight the delicacy so in this way I would need to differ with the explanation that The Color Purple is a delicate novel.

Health Services and Information Systems Communication Technology

Question: Depict about the Health Services and Information Systems for Communication Technology. Answer: Presentation The arrangement of the wellbeing administrations is changing with fast progression in data and correspondence innovation (Minichiello et al., 2013). A wellbeing data framework helps with picking up information identified with general wellbeing status, the determinants of the medical issue, their temperament, mediations to determine these issues and the clinical results (Barakat et al., 2013). Noteworthy improvement in wellbeing results can be accomplished with these advances about an assortment of the clinical and segment data, its transmission and recovery for permitting consistent progression of care (Knowles Mikocka-Walus, 2014). The report manages the structure for assessing the e-wellbeing innovation framework and clarifies how the innovation will improve the wellbeing results of the patients. Further the report satiates the advantages of presenting the innovation or framework as recognized in the writing. The report manages the dangers related with presenting the e-wellbeing innovation in the social insurance association just as the dangers for the patients. The report extensively presents the potential perils, the probability of the hazard event, its effect on the medicinal services association and the moderating arrangements. A careful writing survey is performed to help the realities in the report. In view of the conversation, results are summed up to reach a determination and proposals are recommended. Structure for assessment of wellbeing advancements and frameworks The eHealth innovation in Australia intends to acquaint a powerful technique with gather and offer data, for example, test results and remedies (Suominen et al., 2013). The eHealth innovation means to reinforce correspondence between clinical expert by permitting the electronic correspondence of the clinical records, data, and referrals (Yardley et al., 2015). The different eHealth devices incorporate electronic recommending programming, electronic wellbeing records, choice help projects and wellbeing data sites (Bergmo, 2015). The point of the eHealth innovation is to convey productive, successful and maintainable framework. Be that as it may, it was discovered structure the exploration paper of (Meier, Fitzgerald Smith, 2013) that the social insurance settings where the data correspondence advancements and the empowering condition are at the beginning time, the eHealth frameworks neglect to show supportability. So far not many such undertakings have been found to continue themselve s in both created and creating nations (Minichiello et al., 2013). There are different difficulties related with eHealth frameworks, for example, legitimate issues, absence of ICT abilities, lacking monetary assets, powerless checking, and assessment. Calculated system There is a requirement for the successful theoretical structure for the assessment of this innovation to guarantee its manageability. As indicated by Tyrrell Redshaw (2016), inside the created and the creating scene, the natural, monetary and social measurements differ essentially. The creating nations experience lack of ICT abilities, insufficient ICT foundation, and the deficiency of assets (Mastellos et al., 2015). Then again, the created nations are well furnished with the necessary foundation. To effectively actualize the eHealth innovation framework, it is important to comprehend the operational condition of the framework and it's connection with the arrangement of intrigue. The writing audit features four variables to assess the eHealth innovation. The theoretical system expects to assess dependent on these variables which are social, mechanical, natural and innovative components (Khoja et al., 2013). The financial factors about the manageability of the eHealth include adequate and supportable subsidizing, cost viability, and rate of return. The point of the monetary elements is to advance moderate social insurance. The mechanical components incorporate specialized pointers, for example, unwavering quality, productivity, information quality, accessibility, versatility, precision, and flexibility (Suominen et al., 2013). Further the social and the natural elements are talked about in the graph beneath. Figure: Context chart eHealth framework (Source: Suominen et al., 2013) Social variables Social result Moral Partners Conduct Culture Improved security and nature of care Strength and worthiness of eHealth Better clinical results Fast social insurance administration and its value Upgraded support, clinical consideration, and powerful dynamic Improved clinical consideration and wellbeing the board Classification of the data, and upkeep of the patients character Affectability to sociocultural issues Sharing of the wellbeing data with various elements of medicinal services in same or various nations, inside a similar human services office Clients in the standard work get immediate advantage Inclusion of the partners Fulfillment, trust and readiness in utilizing eHealth Advantage in mindfulness and learning eHealth Appropriation of the innovation among the clients Prepared to make changes Advancement of human-PC association Individual refined of utilizing electronic data Natural components Lawful Ability and limit building Client and Hierarchical Availability Arrangement Specialized, The executives and Political Support Security of the wellbeing information eHealth and ICT laws Insurance of licensed innovation Programming theft ICT innovation preparing and other help for specialized group Accessibility of the equipment and virtual products, electric force and versatile system inclusion Fast web and security of servers eHealth and ICT acquisition arrangement Change Management and eGovernment strategy ICT administrations and backing Condition of initiative help, coordination and successful association Backing of eHealth among approach creators The social, natural and financial elements are related with the achievement of the eHealth. Natural components like absence of strategy guidelines, ICT abilities, are the significant difficulties to the eHealth usage. Among the financial components subsidizing issues is the eHealth supportability challenge (Barakat et al., 2013). The applied structure can help the strategy creators, supervisors and the engineers to ensure there is a reasonable eHealth execution even in the asset compelled setting (Rippen et al., 2013). Assessment of the eHealth innovation Assessment ought to be completed in a few iterative stages comprising the lifecycle of the framework directly from the initial step to the last advance. Initially, evaluation of the partner is led to distinguish their necessities and test the equivalent with the substance specialists to affirm that the requirements are satisfied. This is at the same time followed by idea and model assessment which is important to distinguish that the eHealth device is actually powerful (Khoja et al., 2013). The new mediations can be created dependent on the appraisal. Besides, the impact of the inventive innovation on the medicinal services results is resolved in the objective setting. This phase of assessment includes hard estimates, for example, clinical status, cost,efficiency, and mistake rates. Delicate measures are likewise assessed, for example, mentality of the clients and the degree of fulfillment. Thirdly, a down to earth assessment is performed. It includes the assessment of the framework turn out, for example, revealed blunders, variety in the take-up, specialized issues, long haul consequences for the result markers, and others (Rippen et al., 2013). The evaluator at this stage hopes to get results that reflect consistent improvement in the nature of the social insurance. The figure given represents the assessment of the assets at various strides of improvement and execution. (Source: Rippen et al., 2013) How the innovation will improve tolerant consideration or wellbeing results The essential human services area in Australia can generously profit by the eHealth innovation. The nature of human services administrations conveyed to the patient is accepted to be helpful for improve by giving refreshed data (Kaye et al., 2013). The Personally Controlled Electronic Health Records are heavily influenced by singular patients. These patients can settle on choices about which suppliers can get to which data (Minichiello et al., 2013). This framework is effectively open and can be adjusted according to the need. It is anything but difficult to store and offer the gathered data in this framework, dissimilar to the paper-based partners. The Computerized Provider Order Entry And Electronic Prescribing System has been found to improve the wellbeing of the patient using programmed measurements alterations along these lines diminishing the opportunity of recommending ineffectual drug dosages (Ossebaard et al., 2013). Constant cautions and updates encourage patients with fast intercession during a basic period. It prompts improved operational effectiveness and reduction long of medical clinic remain. Thus, it guarantees diminished various avoidable clinical episodes (Lam et al., 2013). As concentrated by Ossebaard et al ., (2013), the Electronic clinical choice emotionally supportive networks, stores and utilize electronic solution information for creating guidance that shows restraint explicit. It assists with distinguishing and report the impacts of potential medications association. It prompts updates about the way of life alteration and screening (Popescu, 2014). This powerful choice help highlights are situated towards outstanding patient results, understanding needs, and patient fulfillment. Patients in remote and provincial networks can have expanded access to medicinal services administrations. In Australia, various Indigenous populaces are spoken to in death and incapacity than the non-Indigenous (Meier et al

What We Aint Got - Literature Essay Samples

In the poem â€Å"a song in the front yard,† Gwendolyn Brooks uses denotation and connotation to depict underlying meanings of specific words and phrases that add to the significance of the poem as a whole. Brooks uses denotation to refer to the reality of the speaker’s situation at hand, and connotation to express the comparison between the poem and her view about life. The setting and title both have specific denotation and connotation. It opens with the line â€Å"I’ve stayed in the front yard all my life† (Brooks line 1). The denotation is a literal front yard with a young girl playing. She plays within the confinement of the boundaries that her mother sets for her. The denotation also functions to lead to imagery. For example, a picture of a little blonde girl in a soft pink dress and bows in her hair comes to mind. The connotation of the yard depicts a way of life that is monotonous and safe. The interpretation of their yard in this way sets the tone for the rest of what is going to happen and expresses the attitude of the speaker about her life. The first stanza is full of a variety of connotations that immediately show the speakers feelings toward her surroundings. The line that states, â€Å"A girl gets sick of a rose† (line 4) has a denotation that suggests the front yard may have flowers or a well-kept garden. A rose is commonly tied with elegance, beauty, and true love. The connotation of the rose alludes to the innocence and simplicity of the life the speaker is living right now. The connotation also shows the hatred that the speaker feels about her simple life that is meant to be beautiful. She desires more than living simply and being a lady. The speaker has an adventurous side that is being hindered by the limitations set for her. In contrast to the lovely front yard, there is a back yard that is â€Å"untended and hungry† (line 3). It is a wild place where the speaker is not allowed to play. The denotation of hunger is a feeling of weakness caused by lack of food. Weeds do not have literal hunger, tho ugh. The speaker uses this word to show how ravenous the weeds are in taking over the back yard. The speaker is filled with discontentment and feels trapped inside the front yard. The connotation of the back yard shows the uncertainty and dangers of life that her mother wants to protect her from. The hungry weed is a representation of a rampant, messy, and avid life. Though her mother wants to protect her, the speaker is extraordinarily fascinated by this different way of life, and she desires â€Å"a peek at the back† (line 2). In the second stanza, the speaker made it evident which socioeconomic class she belongs to in order to give background information to other aspects of what will occur: â€Å"I want to go in the back yard now And maybe down the alley, To where the charity children play. I want a good time today† (lines 5-8). Calling the other kids â€Å"charity children† (line 7) shows that the speaker belongs to a higher class. This point is made in orde r to hint to the connotations of everything that the mother says to the speaker in the third stanza. The speaker always addresses her mom as â€Å"My mother† (line 11, 13). The denotation of mother is a woman in relation to a child to whom she has given birth. The connotation of choosing to call her â€Å"mother† shows that the speaker is white. Terms like â€Å"ma† or â€Å"mama† are often used with an African-American speaker as opposed to the more formal address given by this speaker. The mother shows her disdain for the other children by sneering at the speakers desire to play with them: â€Å"My mother sneers, but I say it’s fine† (line 11). The denotation of sneer suggests a condescending outlook on the situation, but knowing the socioeconomic class and race of the mother, it suggests more. This sneer represents that the mother is racist and has true hate for the neighboring children. It is meant to show how much she deeply disapproves of them. The denotation of the bad woman with the â€Å"stockings of night-black lace† (line 19) indicates that she is a prostitute. The connotation behind the woman expresses more about the speaker than the actual prostitute. The speaker makes light of this by calling the stockings â€Å"brave† (line 19). The use of the word brave shows that the speaker somewhat aspires to become like the woman wearing the stockings. The speaker views the woman as powerful. She portrays wearing the stockings as a good thing because of the freedom that woman who wears them has. Much of the meaning of this poem derives from Brock’s use of denotation and connotation. â€Å"A song in the front yard† gives the reader a view into what it was like living as a high-class white child during the time when racism was still evident. The speaker of this poem did not have the same prejudices that her mother did, therefore she deeply desired what she was not able to have. Work Cited Brooks, Gwendolyn. â€Å"a song in the front yard.† Perrines Literature: Structure, Sound Sense Tenth ed. Eds. Thomas, R. Arp and Johnson, Greg. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009. 948. Print.

Essay On Breaking Through The Great Firewall - 1304 Words

Breaking Through the Great Firewall of China Within the United States, the first amendment, freedom of speech includes the cyber-web. However, the government may try to examine personal information to protect its citizens from planned terroristic activities. Even so, these terrorists are allowed to say whatever they want, but it does not mean it will be ignored and not taken as a literal threat by the government. Throughout other parts the world, however, countries rely on communicating through means of the internet as ways to spread propaganda. In countries like China specifically, their government censors its citizens to prevent the spreading of propaganda or other radicalism. However, due to the fact that China’s strategy is so†¦show more content†¦This proves that China, at all costs, censors its citizens from accessing history the government deems potentially causing further protest. Now, many Chinese citizens are attempting to access these applications and searches without censorship by â€Å"connect[ing] to virtual private networks that provide them with communications channels to servers outside the Chinese mainland† (Bradsher 4). Though, many citizens have found loopholes in order to post their messages to these websites. For example, on Weibo (the Chinese version of twitter), if a user were to post using a specific keyword, the post would automatically be deleted, if not manually by a superior on the site if it slipped through the system. However, because the use of â€Å"abbreviations, neologisms, homophones, and homographs† by users, many political satirists, revolutionists, or regular citizens find themselves sliding through the cracks thus escaping the censoring governments reach (Wang and Mark 5). In addition, because the government also changes from time to time, a man named Yu Jia, a government critic stated that â€Å"Todays China is v ery different from Chairman Maos China. I think then, it used to be like an iron slab, and there was only really one idea. It was completely impermeable. But now, its more like a fishnet, and there are holes† (Jia, Han and Fu 4). This further proves the argument that legislation in regard to behavior online is too varied inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Barclays Bank And Its Effect On User Usage And Efficiency2417 Words   |  10 Pageslot of resources in security in information technology. Introduction This essay will look at research into areas of technology. It will look at security in Barclays bank. Barclays bank operates worldwide and has employed latest information technology security measures. This is to enable it cope with changing dynamics in security. Most banks employ dual factor authentication in order to deal with customers’ accounts. 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Great American Authors Kurt Vonnegut - 890 Words

Kurt Vonnegut When people are asked to name great American authors names come up like Mark Twain, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Louisa Alcott, but Kurt Vonnegut would not make their lists. This is because no one really knows who he is because he is taught in school. His book Slaughterhouse five show the destructiveness of war and cannot really be taught like Uncle toms Cabin where that book showed the real side of slavery. There are many well-known American authors but very few that defined American Literature as well as Kurt Vonnegut did by the use of a dark writing style and stories filled with alternate universes with endless possibilities. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. was born on November 11, 1922, in Indianapolis, Indiana. (Allen) Indianapolis is the biggest city in Indiana and it got its name from Indiana and the Greek work for city â€Å"polis†. In the 2010 Census Indianapolis has a population of 820,445 people. Indianapolis is not well known for producing famous people. David Letterman, a late night TV shows host is one of the most well known people to come from their that is dereliction s still living. Kurt Vonnegut is the most famous person from Indiana. He passed away on April 11,2007 in New York City, New York. His parent’s names were Kurt Sr. his father and Edith his mother. His father was a well-known architect around Indianapolis and his mother came from a wealthy family. Her father was a brewer in Indianapolis. (Allen) They had three children together. The oldest was Bernard,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five 1634 Words   |  7 PagesKurt Vonnegut once said, â€Å"So it g oes† to describe the unavoidableness of fate. This aspect of seeing terrible things and being able to continue on would become a main theme in his novels. Vonnegut, as an author, received his essential voice by writing about his own experiences, using what would become his signature pessimistic yet humanist view. 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Technology and Impact on Educational Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discus about the Technology and Impact on Educational Leadership. Answer: Introduction The learning organizations is a recent phenomenon wherein the business organizations are constantly thriving to acquire knowledge. In the contemporary times, it is important to learn new skills and technology in order to retain the competitive advantage of the business organizations. In the present, the intensity of the competition among the business organizations is very intense and the knowledge is the only medium to retain the competitive advantage of the organizations. Today, the focus is on digitalization and information which makes it mandatory for the business organizations to constantly learn, deal with changes and adapt themselves with changes and challenges. It is important for the business organizations to institutionalize learning or become learning. The learning organizations can be defined as the business organizations which constantly thrive for new information and quickly adopts themselves according to the new information gathered. The learning organizations are power ful organizations and whose foundation is based on learning and improving performance in the long run. However, an organization cannot become a learning organization by articulating a clear vision, giving proper incentives and providing lots of training. However, it is a flawed perception in the face of intensifying competition, advances in technology and shifts in the customer preferences. The learning organizations are one in which the organizations create, acquire and transfer knowledge. The employees must be capable of maintaining tolerance, opening new discussion and thinking holistically and systematically. The learning organizations must be capable of adapting itself to changes more than their competitors (Garvin, Edmondson Gino, 2008). The learning organizations term coined by Peter Senge describes an organization which has an ideal learning environment and which aligns with the organizations goals. In such organizations, the workers or the employers continually expand their capacity to attain organizations results. In such organizations, new and different patterns of thinking are nurtured and people are collectively set to learn more. According to Senge, there are five dimensions of the learning organizations, namely, system thinking, personal mastery, mental models, building shared vision and team learning. In the system thinking, the organization is treated as a complex system in which there are several small systems. It is important to understand the complexity of these systems and focus on the long-term goals and progress the system in a manner that it can achieve its goals. The personal mastery is another dimension of the learning organizations and states that it is the process in which an organization strive s to achieve its objectives and focus on the learning process (Renesch Chawla, 2006). The mental models refers to the assumptions and the generalizations which must be recognized and used in the identification of the actions to resolve the issues. The mental assumptions are essential in taking appropriate actions. Other than that, it is important for the business organizations to build shared vision within the organization. Shared vision is important to enhance the motivation of the employees. The leader must be able to share his vision with the followers and the employees who work under him and he must be capable of inspiring others with the help of that vision. A leader can motivate others with the help of dialogue, commitment and enthusiasm. Another important aspect of the learning organization is that it must encompass the team learning. It is the state in which the team members collaborate together to achieve the common goals. It is important to understand that creating learning organizations is not the current trend; however, they are very useful in creating work environment which are imbibed with creative thoughts and are focused on obtaining the solutions to work-related problems. It is the process to collect and synthesize the information which may give the ability to think critically to communicate different concepts and cooperate with other people in case of workplace inquiry and action. It creates an open environment within the organization and the employees are not active but passive entities of the organization as they become capable of sharing their ideas and contribute to the growth and development of the work environment (Ortenblad, 2013). It shuns the traditional notion that the senior management will do all the thinking process and encourage the employees to participate in the organization development. The learning organizations challenge all the employees to use their internal resources and potential to create a strong learning culture. Features of Learning Organizations Today, business organizations operate in a highly dynamic environment wherein there is constant innovation in information technology and the business techniques. The current market and the business environments are global in nature and the customers are located at different locations all across the globe. However, these customers are not same and have differences due to the countrys culture, attitude and beliefs. In order to sustain in the current market and maintain a competitive position, it is important for the business organizations to learn new technologies and adopt to the market changes. It is also important to change the conventional wisdom and constantly grow the knowledge base of the organization. It is also important to make significant changes in the business operations of the organizations. There are several characteristics of the learning organizations which distinguishes it from the other organizations. The foremost characteristic of the learning organization is the fo cus on organizational learning. The organizational learning is more about individual learning process and develops through the interactions of different groups or teams of different sizes. It is an emergent process and the outcomes are not specific and it is dependent upon the contribution of different individuals. The organization learning focuses on the development of the right environment so that an individual can reflect on the past actions and the outcomes and use them in the strategic development of the organization (Lytras et al., 2010). In the organization learning process, the employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risky decisions. Other than that, there is high level of employee engagement in the organization with visible business partners and learning facilitators. The performance based learning capabilities aligns with the mission and the vision of the organization. The learning organizations also increases the efficiency of the organization. It creates an easy access for the employee-centered and flexible learning structure. The organization also make provision for time monitoring, use and the cost indicators so that the training and development cost can be regulated. Numerous resources are used to automatic performance solution of the business organizations. Numerous qualitative and quantitative strategies are used to examine the impact of the learning strategies on the overall growth of the organization (Antal, Meusburger Suarsana, 2013). The services should be aligned with the talent development and capability development of the business organizations. Another feature of the learning organizations is th e investment in different domains. A significant amount of budget is invested in the human resources, learning and the talent development of the organization. The budget should encompass the requirements for collection, analysis and the display of the data. There should be significant investment in education, developing the learning process and increasing the capabilities of the staff members and the business partners. Another feature of the learning organization is the utility. The learning should be facilitated every time and whenever required. The learning and the employee performance should be thoroughly scrutinized by the managers and the leaders. It is important that different outcomes (including both positive and negative) of training and development are examined (Nobre, 2011). It should focus on the learning, talent development and improve the performance of the business organizations. Role of Leadership in Learning Organization The learning organization is based on the fundamental that in order for the business organizations to remain successful and thrive, quick learning is important. In the pursuit to become, the learning organizations, the companies often indulge in futile attempts for the organization change process. However, the learning process cannot be sustained without understanding the drive to the organization learning process. There are several subsystems which supports the organization learning such as employees, knowledge and technology. In the learning organizations, the leadership is acknowledge the importance of learning and are committed towards making provision for training and development to facilitate learning. The leadership should understand the motive, means and the opportunity of the learning process. Before developing the training and development program, the companies should establish a motive, purpose and reason for the learning. Other than that, the organization should focus on designing methods, models and competencies which can assist the learning process of the organization. There should always be opportunity for the learning process. The leaders should also take a supporting role in the learning culture of the organization (Zuber-Skerritt, 2017). It is important that the leader identify the common obstacles to the learning process and align them with the strategy so that learning can be imparted easily with minimal level of hierarchy. The communication system should also be designed in such a manner so that there is lateral transfer of the information within the organization. The leaders should also make provision for the resource allocation and learning in terms of time, space, supporting staff and budgets. These are the supporting materials for the knowledge management infrastructure. The leader also assure that there are different value networks which supports the learning and development. It is also important that business organization stimulates creativity and increase the insight in the learning organizations (Marquardt, 2011). It is also important to implement planned learning process in which there is development of strategy, structure, system and procedure for the learning process. The planning of the learning process should be dependent upon gathering data and information from monitoring, review and other forms of evaluation. The learning process The ability of the leaders to effectively communicate is important in establishing learning procedure within the organization. It is important to clearly identify the purpose of the communication for implementing the training program. The leaders should also focus on long-term goals of the business organizations. There should be able to invest time and take practical decisions regarding the leaders of the business organizations. The most significant challenge for the business leaders is the cost and the competition associated with the implementation of the training and development within the organization. However, it is important to understand, that the return will not be immediate; but will be achieved over the time (Baldomir, 2009). The Role of Learning Organizations in enhancing the Transfer of Training In the present times, training has become the essential tool for the organizations to identify the demand, developing the core competency and enhancing the skills of the employees in increasing the productivity of the organization. There is a strong positive impact of the training on the organizations achievement of goals; however, the training process is costly for the organizations. Therefore, it is important to identify the relation between the design and the evaluation of training programs and effectiveness of the training process (Wang, 2012). The training and development are important in a business organization which aims to progress and attain competitive advantage. The training and development focuses on thinking creatively and managing people in a strategic manner. It is also essential in learning organization to eradicate the weaknesses of the employees, improving the performance of the employees, increasing the consistency in the performance of the employees, ensuring that the workers are satisfied with the growth of the employees and there is opportunity for them to grow with the organization. The training also enhances the quality of services or the product quality provided to the customers, reduces the overall operations cost and reduces the requirement of the supervision (Prescott, 2016). In learning organizations, there are several objectives to implement training and development such as it optimizes the human resources, increases the productivity of organization, and creates a better corporate image, increase the team spirit and collaboration between different team members. There are several phases in the implementation of training and development program in the business organizations. Firstly, it is important to identify the training and development needs in a business organization. It should be discussed with all the staff members of the organization. It is important to provide regular and periodic training to the employees for their comprehensive development. It is also important to establish internal training and development sessions for the staff members. It is important that the training is available for all the campus and sites of the organizations and for different occupational groups. It is also important to monitor ongoing program of courses for staff members and other employees so that the training needs can be identified in a proper manner (Fawzy, 2013). The organization should sponsor external training and development programs so that the employees can learn new skills. The investment in training and development is necessary as the training is crucial in the enhancing the performance of the business organizations. The high performing organizations use training to increase the competitive advantage of the organization. The training is essential in growing the value and the potential of employees. There should be clear link between the design of the training program and the performance of the companies. The quality and the level of the employee training also influence the brand image of the business organization. The career progression and the development is an attractive option for attracting the employees. There are several objectives of the training and development program which leads to organization development. It enhances productivity, effectiveness and increase the efficiency of the organization. Conclusion It can be concluded that in the present times, it is important to develop business organizations which strive to learn. Today, knowledge is the major asset in the business world; therefore, it is important that the business organizations develop as learning organizations. There are several characteristics of the learning organizations such as it constantly thrive for knowledge and the employees are given an open environment to constantly innovate. The leaders play a crucial role in the development of the learning organizations. They should be able to motivate and encourage employees to learn in the organization. Other than that, the training and development is also essential in the overall development of the learning organizations. References Antal, A.B., Meusburger, P., Suarsana, L. (2013). Learning Organizations: Extending the Field. Springer Science Business Media. Baldomir, J. (2009). Leading in the Learning Organization. Leadership Advance Online, issue 17 retrieved 18 November, 2017, https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/lao/issue_17/LAO_IssXVII_Baldomir.pdf Fawzy, S. (2013). Learning Models for Innovation in Organizations: Examining Roles of Knowledge Transfer and Human Resources Management: Examining Roles of Knowledge Transfer and Human Resources Management. IGI Global. Garvin, D.A., Edmondson, A.C., Gino, F. (2008). Is Yours a Learning Organization? Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 18 November 20178 from https://hbr.org/2008/03/is-yours-a-learning-organization Lytras, D.M. et al. (2010). Knowledge Management, Information Systems, E-Learning, and Sustainability Research: Third World Summit on the Knowledge Society, WSKS 2010, Corfu, Greece, September 22-24, 2010, Proceedings, Part 1. Springer Science Business Media. Marquardt, M.J. (2011). Building the Learning Organization: Mastering the Five Elements for Corporate Learning. Hachette UK. Nobre, F.S. (2011). Technological, Managerial and Organizational Core Competencies: Dynamic Innovation and Sustainable Development: Dynamic Innovation and Sustainable Development. IGI Global. Ortenblad, A. (2013). Handbook of Research on the Learning Organization: Adaptation and Context. Edward Elgar Publishing. Prescott, J. (2016). Handbook of Research on Race, Gender, and the Fight for Equality. IGI Global. Renesch, J., Chawla, S. (2006). Learning Organizations: Developing Cultures for Tomorrow's Workplace. CRC Press. Wang, V. (2012). Technology and Its Impact on Educational Leadership: Innovation and Change: Innovation and Change. IGI Global. Zuber-Skerritt, O. (2017). Conferences as Sites of Learning and Development: Using Participatory Action Learning and Action Research Approaches. Taylor Francis.